Huluna masu tauri: "Garkuwar rai" a wuraren gini-1

Gabatarwa

A wuraren gini, huluna masu taurisu ne kayan kariya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi mahimmanci. Duk da ƙananan girma, suna da babban nauyin kare lafiyar rayuwar ma'aikata - hana faɗuwa daga abubuwa daga tsayi da kuma kiyaye tasirin haɗari, kuma ana iya ɗaukar su a matsayin "ƙaramin" ma'aikatan gini. A cewar ƙa'idar ƙasa "Hula Mai Tauri"(GB 2811), huluna masu tauri an rarraba su azaman kayan aikin kariya na musamman na ma'aikata kuma dole ne su sami alamar kariya ta musamman ta kayan aikin kariya na ma'aikata (LA mark) kafin a iya samarwa, sayarwa da amfani da su.

I. Rarrabawa da Zaɓin Kimiyya na Huluna Masu Tauri

Huluna masu tauri ba su da "daidai". Kayayyaki daban-daban da siffofi daban-daban sun dace da yanayin aiki daban-daban da matakan haɗari.

Ta hanyar rarraba kayan aiki

A halin yanzu, babban birnin huluna masu tauriAn raba kayan da ake sayarwa a kasuwa zuwa rukuni huɗu:

Filastik na ABS huluna masu tauri: Kyakkyawan juriya ga tasiri, mai juriya ga ƙarancin zafi, ana amfani da shi sosai a ayyukan gini gabaɗaya;

Filastik HDPP huluna masu tauri: Mai sauƙi kuma mai matuƙar juriya ga yanayi, wanda ya dace da injiniyan birni da gina hanyoyi;

FRP filastik da aka ƙarfafa hula mai tauri: Yana jure wa yanayin zafi mai yawa da tsatsa, wanda aka tsara musamman don yanayin aiki mai zafi a masana'antu kamar ƙarfe da injiniyan sinadarai;

Polycarbonate na PC hula mai tauri: Mai ƙarfi da kuma bayyananne, ya dace da ayyukan da ke buƙatar kariya daga kai yayin da kuma yake buƙatar kyakkyawan gani.

Ta hanyar rarraba siffar gefen hula

Dangane da siffofi daban-daban na bakin hula, ana iya raba huluna masu tauri zuwa manyan salo uku:

Hula mai siffar V: Gefen yana da siffar "V", wanda ke ba da faffadan gani, wanda ya dace da aikin gini gabaɗaya.

Siffar Y hula mai tauri: Yana bayar da babban yanki na kariya ga goshi kuma ya dace da ayyukan da ake yi inda akwai haɗarin faɗuwa daga sama.

Nau'in T hula mai tauri: Yana ba da cikakken kariya kuma ana amfani da shi akai-akai a cikin yanayi masu haɗari kamar ramuka da ma'adanai.

Mahimman wuraren zaɓi

Masana suna tunatar da cewa lokacin zabar hula mai tauri, dole ne a yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan: Tabbatar cewa samfurin yana da alamar aminci ta LA da takardar shaidar dacewa; Daidaita kayan da nau'in hula bisa ga yanayin aiki; Sanya madauri mai daidaitawa da matsewa; Tabbatar akwai aƙalla milimita 25 na sararin buffer tsakanin layin kwalkwali da harsashin kwalkwali; Jimlar nauyin kwalkwali bai kamata ya wuce gram 430 ba.

II. Sanyawa daidai: Tabbatar da aminci ya zama "gaskiya"

Samun hula mai inganci mataki na farko ne kawai; sanyawa daidai shine mabuɗin yin amfani da tasirin kariya.

Tsarin sakawa na yau da kullun

1. Sake madaurin gyaran baya na hular mai tauri har zuwa matsakaicin tsayi, sannan a sanya shi a kan kai cikin santsi.
2. Daidaita zoben riƙewa don tabbatar da cewa layin hular yana kiyaye gibin ma'auni na milimita 25 zuwa 50 daga saman kai.
3. A ɗaure madaurin haɓa. Ya kamata madaurin ya kasance mai laushi sosai don ya dace da fata, tare da faɗin yatsa ɗaya na sassautawa.
4. Duba harsashin murfin sosai don ganin ko akwai tsagewa ko nakasa, duba ko murfin murfin yana nan, kuma tabbatar da cewa madaurin haɓar yana da ƙarfi sosai.

Bai kamata a yi watsi da ƙa'idojin saka kaya ba.

Dole ne madaurin haɓa ya dace sosai a kewayen kai. Idan aka girgiza kai, hular mai tauri ba za ta yi motsi sosai ba.

An haramta sanya madaurin haƙori ba tare da ɗaure shi ba ko kuma a bar madaurin haƙori ya yi laushi sosai.

An haramta sanya tawul, huluna, ko wasu abubuwa a cikin rufin rufin huluna masu tauri.

Kar a sa huluna masu tauri ta hanyar da ba daidai ba ko kuma aka juya.

III. Manyan alamomin fasaha: Babban jigon aminci a bayan lambobin

Dalilin da yasa za a iya kiran hulunan tauri "kwalkwali masu ceton rai" yana cikin ƙa'idodin fasaha masu tsauri. A cewar ƙa'idodin ƙasa, hulunan tauri dole ne su cika waɗannan mahimman alamu:

Manuniyar fasaha

Takamaiman buƙatu

Aikin shaye-shaye ta hanyar tasiri

Bayan an yi masa rauni da ƙwallon ƙarfe mai diamita 50mm, guduma mai faɗuwa mai nauyin kilogiram 5, da kuma tasirin tsayin mita 1, ƙarfin da aka tura zuwa ga ƙirar kai bai kamata ya wuce 4900N ba.

Juriyar huda

Bayan mazubin ƙarfe mai nauyin kilogiram 3 da mazubin da ke faɗuwa mai tsawon mita 1 ya taɓa shi, bai kamata ya taɓa saman mazubin kan ba.

Ƙarfin madaurin wuya

Ya kamata ya iya jure matsin lamba na 150N ba tare da ya karye ko ya faɗi ba

Ayyukan anti-static

Juriyar saman bai kamata ta wuce 10⁹ ohms ba

Rashin ƙarfin harshen wuta

Lokacin ƙona harshen wuta da lokacin ƙonawa mai ci gaba bai kamata ya wuce daƙiƙa 5 ba

Kauri harsashin kwalkwali

A matsakaici, ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 2.5mm

Iyakar Nauyi

Bai kamata ya wuce 430g ba

Bugu da ƙari, ga yanayi na musamman na aiki, akwai kuma huluna masu hana tsatsa, huluna masu hana tsatsa (masu iya jure wa wutar lantarki mai jure sanyi 1200V), huluna masu jure sanyi (masu iya daidaitawa da yanayin ƙasa da -20°C), da huluna masu jure wuta, da sauransu a matsayin rukuni na musamman.

Dangane da tsawon lokacin aiki: Hulunan roba masu tauri kada su wuce shekaru 2.5, kuma hulunan filastik masu tauri kada su wuce shekaru 3.

IV. Cikakken tsarin sarrafawa: Daga shiga zuwa gogewa

Duba Shiga

Kowace rukuni na huluna masu tauri Dole ne a duba takaddun shaida guda uku da ke shiga wurin: alamar aminci ta LA, takardar shaidar daidaiton samfura, da rahoton dubawa. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a tabbatar da samfurin samfurin, ranar samarwa, da lokacin inganci, sannan a gudanar da binciken bayyanar. Yawan samfuran da aka duba ya kamata ya zama bai gaza kashi 2% na adadin batir ba kuma bai gaza kwalkwali 3 ba. Dubawa ta yau da kullun.

Kafin fara aikin, a duba waɗannan abubuwa a hankali: ko akwai tsagewa, tarkace ko ramuka a kan harsashin kwalkwali; ko rufin kwalkwali yana nan; ko madaurin haɓa da sassan da suka haɗa suna da ƙarfi da sassauƙa. Idan an sami wata matsala, a maye gurbinsu nan take.

Gargaɗi don amfani

An haramta amfani da shi sosai huluna masu tauri waɗanda suka wuce lokacin ingancinsu.

An haramta yin duk wani gyara ga huluna masu tauri, kamar haƙa ramuka, yankewa, ko dumamawa.

An haramta amfani da shi sosai huluna masu tauri kamar bokiti, kujeru ko tubalan kwalliya.

Idan hula mai tauriyana da mummunan tasiri, ya kamata a maye gurbinsa nan take ko da kuwa ya bayyana a fili.

An haramta adana huluna masu tauri a wurare masu zafi mai yawa, hasken rana kai tsaye, danshi ko kuma fallasa ga sinadarai masu narkewa.

V. Dole ne a gudanar da waɗannan hanyoyin yayin saka su huluna masu tauri.

Huluna masu tauri suna aiki a matsayin "fasfo" don shiga wurin ginin. Waɗannan hanyoyin da aka saba bi suna buƙatar ƙarin wayar da kan jama'a game da sanya huluna masu tauri:

Haƙa ƙasa da gina harsashin gini - Hana faɗuwar ƙasa da tubalan dutse;

Tsayawa da wargaza siminti - Magance haɗarin faɗuwar abubuwa daga tsayi;

Tsarawa da wargaza samfura - Hana faɗuwar samfura da abubuwan da ke tallafawa;

Sarrafa da ɗaure sandunan rebar - Hana faɗuwar ƙarshen sandunan rebar da kayan aiki daga haifar da rauni ga mutane;

Zubar da siminti - Yi hankali da karo tsakanin sandar girgiza da bututun famfo;

Ayyukan ɗagawa da ɗagawa - Hana faɗuwar abubuwan da aka ɗaga;

Aikin ado da gyara - Hana kayan aiki da kayan aiki faɗuwa daga tsayi.

Ya kamata a lura cewa duk manajoji, masu kula da gine-gine da kuma baƙi da ke shiga wurin ginin dole ne su sanya s.

Shida. Gargaɗi Takwas Game da Hadari

A cikin ainihin gini, waɗannan keta haddi suna da yawa kuma suna buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa:

1. Rashin sanya madaurin hammata ko kuma rashin sakin madaurin hammata.
2. Sanya tawul, murfi, da sauransu a cikin hula mai tauri.
3. Sanya hatupside mai tauri a ƙasa ko baya;
4. Amfani da huluna masu tauri waɗanda suka wuce kwanakin karewa;
5. Kwalbar kwalkwali tana da fashe-fashe da nakasa amma har yanzu ana amfani da ita.
6. Amfani da huluna masu tauri a matsayin kwantena, tubalan kushin ko kujeru;
7. Amfani da ƙarancin inganci huluna masu tauri ba tare da wata alamar tsaro ko takardar shaidar cancanta ba;
8. Hulunan ma'aikatan da ke aiki a manyan wurare ba a ɗaure su da madaurin haɓa ba, kuma gefen kwalkwali an saka shi a baya.

Kammalawa

Duk da cewa huluna masu tauri ƙanana ne, suna da mahimmanci ga rayuwa. Tun daga zaɓe da sayayya zuwa saka kaya na yau da kullun, daga dubawa bayan shiga zuwa maye gurbin da aka saba yi, kowane mataki ba zai iya ɗaukar ƙaramin sakaci ba. Kamar yadda masana masana'antu ke cewa:Huluna masu tauri ba don dubawa ba ne, amma don kare rayuwarka." Ta hanyar haɗa wayar da kan jama'a game da tsaro a cikin kowane aiki da kowane bayani ne kawai za mu iya gina shinge mai ƙarfi a wuraren gini.